駆け足で読む『Nature Reviews Genetics』2014
- 今年も残すところわずかとなりました
- レビュー誌で振り返ってみます。まずは概観
- まず12月号
- Unravelling the genomic targets of small molecules using high-throughput sequencing
- Deep-Sequencingによって、DNA・染色体の化学修飾状態( ChIP–seq (chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing) と結合小分子(DNAに作用する抗がん剤など)(Chem–seq (chemical affinity capture and massively parallel DNA sequencing))に関する情報が体系的にとれる。それを生理・病理・加療に関する研究に活用する
- 化学修飾塩基
- 5-methylcytosine (5mC), 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC)
- ヒストン翻訳後修飾
- methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitylation
- 小分子化合物(薬)
- DNA自体、もしくはDNA結合タンパク質を介してクロマチンと結合
- Sequence-specific DNA-targeting agents, Structure-specfic DNA-targeting agents
- DNA自体、もしくはDNA結合タンパク質を介してクロマチンと結合
- ENCODE project により、ヒストン翻訳後修飾分布・クロマチン結合分子分布がただのランダムな分布ではないことが判明
- 抗がん剤の効き具合と遺伝子発現signaturesとの関係を説明するか
- NGSによる解析タイプ別
- クロマチン結合様式で薬を分類
- DNA/ゲノム/コピー/転写
- DNA relaxation, Helicase,Transcription,Replication
- Histone modifies "Writers"
- Acetylation,Methylation,Phosphorylation,Ply-ADP ribosylation,Ubiquitin signalling
- Histone modifiers "Erasers"
- Deacetylation, Demethylation,Deubiquitination
- Histone modifiers "Readers"
- Bromodomain, Chromodomain, PHD, PWWP, BRCT, UBDs
- DNA methylation
- Methlation, Demethylation, Binder
- DNA/ゲノム/コピー/転写
- High-resolution digital profiling of the epigenome
- 同じくDeep-sequencing によりエピゲノム化学修飾・クロマチン構造などの詳細マップが1塩基ペアレベルの解像度で得られる。さらには1細胞単位
- A census of human RNA-binding proteins
- Unravelling the genomic targets of small molecules using high-throughput sequencing
- 11月号
- Identifying and mitigating bias in next-generation sequencing methods for chromatin biology
- ChIP–seq, MNase-seq, FAIRE–seq, DNase-seq, Hi-C, ChIA-PET and ATAC-seq に見られるNGSのデータバイアス/systematic artefacts
- 実験過程・データプロセシング過程ごとにバイアス
- シーケンス条件など
- デプスとリード長
- その検出法
- コントロールサンプルを使う
- 補正法
- 標本間での違いを正規化・標準化
- デプスのバラツキに基づく補正
- 重複リードの処理に関する技法
- 全体分布はどうあるべきか、どうなっているなら、こういうバイアスがあるのでは…という、大量データ分布活用方式
- 解析法
- ピークの決定法
- たしかなシグナチャとそうでないものとの区別法
- 領域に特徴づけ・ラベル付けをする
- デコンボリューション(観測波形は、コンボリューションの結果とみなせば、知りたいことはデコンボリューションしてわかる)
- サンプル間の違いの検出
- 染色体間相互関係の検出
- Detecting epistasis in human complex traits
- 方法論をサマライズした図
- Root
- SNP-based
- Genome-wide
- Frequentist
- Regression
- LD
- Haplotype
- Bayesian
- Partition
- Hybrid
- Filtering
- Knowledge
- Statistics
- Algorithm
- Artificial intelligence
- Machine learning
- Data mining
- SNP-based
- Group-based
- Gene
- Module
- Evolutionary dynamics of coding and non-coding transcriptomes
- ゲノム比較での種進化からトランスクリプトーム比較へ
- The contribution of genetic variants to disease depends on the ruler
- 遺伝因子の「寄与程度」の評価指標について
- Heritability,Sibling recurrence risk,Genetic variance,Area under the receiver–operating curve,Population attributable fraction,Overall disease risk,Genetic architectures,Genomic profile risk
- Identifying and mitigating bias in next-generation sequencing methods for chromatin biology
- 10月号
- Advances in the profiling of DNA modifications: cytosine methylation and beyond
- cytosine methylation関連だけでも、色々
- Using next-generation sequencing to isolate mutant genes from forward genetic screens
- 表現型から責任遺伝子を探すアプローチもNGSで変化して(簡単になって)いる
- Context-dependent control of alternative splicing by RNA-binding proteins
- "Context-dependent control"
- 制御タンパク・制御RNA
- Advances in the profiling of DNA modifications: cytosine methylation and beyond
- 9月号
- Mechanisms underlying mutational signatures in human cancers
- "Mutational signatures can be used as a physiological readout of the biological history of a cancer"
- Identification and consequences of miRNA–target interactions — beyond repression of gene expression
- "miRNAs can establish thresholds in and increase the coherence of the expression of their target genes, as well as reduce the cell-to-cell variability in target gene expression"
- Investigating human disease using stem cell models
- "induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have demonstrated the greatest utility for modelling human diseases. Furthermore, combining gene editing with iPSCs enables the generation of models of genetically complex disorders."
- Mechanisms underlying mutational signatures in human cancers
- 8月号
- The role of genomic imprinting in biology and disease: an expanding view
- 胚・胎児期と出生後の両方での働き
- Comparative genetics of longevity and cancer: insights from long-lived rodents
- 2つの経年変化(加齢変化と発がん)とに関する「経年変化速度」のバリエーションに着目
- Expanding the computational toolbox for mining cancer genomes
- Driver mutations,Significantly mutated genes,Sequence coverage theory,Passenger mutations,Background mutation rate(BMR),Chromothripsis,Chromoplexy
- The role of genomic imprinting in biology and disease: an expanding view
- 7月号
- In pursuit of design principles of regulatory sequences
- 調節配列学
- Transcriptional outcome of telomere signalling
- " telomeric factors are able to localize outside telomeric regions, where they can regulate the transcription of genes involved in metabolism, immunity and differentiation" 「存在位置」の果たす役割と「位置を決めるに際してのテロメアの役割」
- In pursuit of design principles of regulatory sequences
- 6月号
- 5月号
- A guide to genome engineering with programmable nucleases
- "Programmable nucleases enable targeted genetic modifications in cultured cells, as well as in whole animals and plants.
- Statistical power and significance testing in large-scale genetic studies"
- 現況確認(Multiple-testings,rare-variant association testsなど)
- 遺伝子バリアント関連解析をするに際して抑えるべきポイントを概観したい人向け。
- A guide to genome engineering with programmable nucleases
- 4月号
- CTCF: an architectural protein bridging genome topology and function
- "CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) creates boundaries between topologically associating domains in chromosomes and, within these domains, facilitates interactions between transcription regulatory sequences."
- Every amino acid matters: essential contributions of histone variants to mammalian development and disease
- "a crucial role for histone variaNGSnt regulation in processes as diverse as differentiation and proliferation, meiosis and nuclear reprogramming"
- CTCF: an architectural protein bridging genome topology and function
- 3月号
- Coupling mRNA processing with transcription in time and space
- "co-transcriptional and post-transcriptional processing, the relationship between mRNA elongation and processing, and the role of the Pol II carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) in regulating these processes"
- Emerging evidence for functional peptides encoded by short open reading frames
- "The translation of some of these has been confirmed: potential roles for sORF-encoded peptides."
- Coupling mRNA processing with transcription in time and space
- 2月号
- Dynamic regulation of transcriptional states by chromatin and transcription factors
- "Mechanisms that support these transitions are complex on many timescales, which range from milliseconds to minutes or hours."
- Constraint-based models predict metabolic and associated cellular functions
- 全体像を数学的に表現する
- データを説明するモデルを制約条件の下で解く(表現する)
- ゲノム情報からフェノタイプ情報までをモデル化する諸手法を以下のように分類したとして、その一つ。
- Stochastic kinetic model
- Deterministic kinetic model
- Constraint-based model
- Logical, Boolean or rule-based Formalization
- Bayesian
- Graph and interaction networks
- Pathway enrichment analysis
- 代謝ネットワークの定常状態を考慮して、解空間に多面錐状の制約を入れ、化学量論行列として取扱い、状態に解を与える。ただし解は点として得られるのではなく、「こういう範囲」という形で得られる。
- 参考サイト:http://mathlife.mi.fu-berlin.de/matheonA8/
- Sequencing depth and coverage: key considerations in genomic analyses
- NGSをデプスの観点からレビュー
- Dynamic regulation of transcriptional states by chromatin and transcription factors
- 1月号
- Epistasis and quantitative traits: using model organisms to study gene–gene interactions
- 説明モデル。"Epistasis causes hidden quantitative genetic variation in natural populations and could be responsible for the small additive effects, missing heritability and the lack of replication that are typically observed for human complex traits."
- Systems genetics approaches to understand complex traits
- オミックス横断的なジェノタイプ・フェノタイプ関係説明
- Epistasis and quantitative traits: using model organisms to study gene–gene interactions